"And for octopuses, it's usually a combination of camouflage and hiding in these very tiny spaces that other predators can't fit into. What is called a group of whales? Like other cephalopods, an octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beaked mouth at the center point of the eight limbs. In most species, fertilisation occurs in the mantle cavity. [134][135] One translation of the Hawaiian creation myth the Kumulipo suggests that the octopus is the lone survivor of a previous age. The Hawaiian day octopus (Octopus cyanea) lives on coral reefs; argonauts drift in pelagic waters. The pupil can be adjusted in size; a retinal pigment screens incident light in bright conditions. "Although [ammonia is] a toxic chemical, they can somehow sequester it in their bodies," Voight said. WebThe cephalopods do have eight tentacles and there may be three ways to describe a group of them, but only one is technically correct. Small prey may be completely trapped by the webbed structure. 5. What is a group of octopus called? [127] The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis) also lacks tentacles but has sensory filaments. They can navigate back to a den without having to retrace their outward route. But as with most groups of animals, there are exceptions. [67] In colder waters, such as those off Alaska, it may take up to ten months for the eggs to completely develop. 605) for the common octopus. "Creep" or "Crawl" could work if they are moving on the sea bed. [79][80] Octopuses hide in dens, which are typically crevices in rocky outcrops or other hard structures, though some species burrow into sand or mud. The jaw. "They can actually keep the jet going while they're in the air to continue to propel themselves forward," Staaf said. Both the structures and editing sites are conserved in the coleoid genome and the mutation rates for the sites are severely hampered. It takes about three hours for O. vulgaris to create a 0.6mm (0.024in) hole. As the Merriam-Webster dictionary points out, people use three different terms, however: octopi, octopuses, and octopodes. When the octopus is approached, it may extend an arm to investigate. R for Ravens They are eaten and considered a delicacy by humans in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas. What do you call a octopus with more than one octopus? How many stars are on the Chinese flag? Colour vision appears to vary from species to species, for example being present in O. aegina but absent in O. [26] The arms can be described based on side and sequence position (such as L1, R1, L2, R2) and divided into four pairs. The urine is first formed in the pericardial cavity, and is modified by excretion, chiefly of ammonia, and selective absorption from the renal appendages, as it is passed along the associated duct and through the nephridiopore into the mantle cavity. P for Peacocks A group of peacocks is called an ostentation. Many genes specific to cephalopods are expressed in the animals' skin, suckers, and nervous system. 3. The squid bubbled air through the eggs so they had enough oxygen, and kept them safe from predators until they hatched. [129] Dates of divergence are from Krger et al., 2011 and Fuchs et al., 2019.[124][123]. The word cephalopod means "head foot" in Greek, referring to the fact that these two body parts are merged in these animals, according to the New World Encyclopedia. [36], The eyes of the octopus are large and at the top of the head. Many species formerly placed in Can carbon-plated running shoes cause injury? Changing colors isn't the only way to hide: Glass squids are transparent, which can be a huge advantage in the ocean, because it makes the animals more difficult to see, thus protecting them from predators, according to a 2011 report published in the journal Current Biology. A collective noun is a word In some species, the mantle can take on the spiky appearance of algae; in others, skin anatomy is limited to relatively uniform shades of one colour with limited skin texture. The alternative plural "octopi" is considered gram [13], Fowler's Modern English Usage states that the only acceptable plural in English is "octopuses", that "octopi" is misconceived, and "octopodes" pedantic;[14][15][16] the last is nonetheless used frequently enough to be acknowledged by the descriptivist Merriam-Webster 11th Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's New World College Dictionary. See Details 2.Octopi, Another theory is that jumping through the air may actually be more efficient for traveling long distances, according to Staaf. A pod is the This would explain pupils shaped like the letter U, the letter W, or a dumbbell, as well as explaining the need for colourful mating displays. [145][146], Since it has numerous arms emanating from a common centre, the octopus is often used as a symbol for a powerful and manipulative organisation, company, or country. Grammatically speaking, the plural for octopus is octopuses. What is a group of rats called? [142][143] The print is a forerunner of tentacle erotica. They live in all the worlds oceans but are especially abundant in warm, tropical waters. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-name-for-a-group-of-Octopus Previous Post Do octopus feel pain when you eat them alive? From there it is transferred to the gastrointestinal tract, which is mostly suspended from the roof of the mantle cavity by numerous membranes. Cephalopods are members of a class of marine animals that includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and nautiluses. List of animal names. ", "What's Odd About That Octopus? [39][40] Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein haemocyanin to transport oxygen. What is a bunch of octopus called? [90], Octopuses mainly move about by relatively slow crawling with some swimming in a head-first position. The molecular analysis of the octopods shows that the suborder Cirrina (Cirromorphida) and the superfamily Argonautoidea are paraphyletic and are broken up; these names are shown in quotation marks and italics on the cladogram. There are currently more than 300 species of octopus recorded, and more get discovered every decade. To be knowledgeable about the anatomy, classification, and species within the octopus family, you dont have to have a degree in marine biology. A gland attached to the sac produces the ink, and the sac stores it. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_names [Accessed 28 Sep. 2014]. There is no term for a group of octopus, as the mollusks are solitary, according to the Vancouver Aquarium. Web3.Collective Noun for Octopuses Grammar Monster. Because they are both predator and prey, "they're really central to connecting different levels of the food web," said Danna Staaf, a marine biologist and author of "Monarchs of the Sea: The Extraordinary 500-Million-Year History of Cephalopods (opens in new tab)" (The Experiment, 2020). Basal species, the Cirrina, have stout gelatinous bodies with webbing that reaches near the tip of their arms, and two large fins above the eyes, supported by an internal shell. [96], Octopuses use camouflage when hunting and to avoid predators. [107] The Atlantic white-spotted octopus (Callistoctopus macropus) turns bright brownish red with oval white spots all over in a high contrast display. The haemocytes play an important role in the recognition and elimination of foreign bodies and wound repair. As the Merriam-Webster dictionary points out, people use three different terms, however: octopi, collective noun for octopuses consortium of . [164], Octopuses offer many possibilities in biological research, including their ability to regenerate limbs, change the colour of their skin, behave intelligently with a distributed nervous system, and make use of 168 kinds of protocadherins (humans have 58), the proteins that guide the connections neurons make with each other. [26], Some species differ in form from the typical octopus body shape. Nouns like these that name groups of people, places, things, Grammatically speaking, the plural for octopus is octopuses. Post date: 28 yesterday. Grammatically speaking, the plural for octopus is Octopuses . It was described in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier, who supposed it to be a parasitic worm, naming it as a new species, Hectocotylus octopodis. Cephalopod Cephalopod, any member of the class Cephalopoda of the phylum Mollusca, a small group of highly advanced and There are 13 species of dumbo octopuses. The scientific name for the blue-ringed octopus is Hapalochlaena. The dorsal side of the disc grows upward and forms the embryo, with a shell gland on its dorsal surface, gills, mantle and eyes. They have been reported to practise observational learning,[99] although the validity of these findings is contested. "Octopuses and squids live by killing and eating other animals, but because they have that permeable skin and they're really good protein, they're preyed on by almost everything else that's got teeth," Voight said. Perhaps the most common type of locomotion used by cephalopods is jet propulsion. Author: www.grammar-monster.com. [26] Octopus species that produce larger eggs including the southern blue-ringed, Caribbean reef, California two-spot, Eledone moschata[70] and deep sea octopuses instead hatch as benthic animals similar to the adults. It is typically filled with minced or diced octopus, tempura scraps ( tenkasu ), pickled ginger, and green onion. Octopuses, like their cousin, the squid, are often considered monsters of the deep, though some species, or types, occupy relatively shallow waters. Related: Octlantis: See photos of tight-knit gloomy octopus communities. [82], Octopuses bring captured prey to the den, where they can eat it safely. As progress is made, other arms move ahead to repeat these actions and the original suckers detach. The cornea is formed from a translucent epidermal layer; the slit-shaped pupil forms a hole in the iris just behind the cornea. Webtristan and isolde poem analysis Navigation. In fact, some of themif not all of themwill even say it in a ridiculing way, as a sleight to those who said octopuses. This buoyancy means less work for the squid they can just float. Wikipedia, (2014). During crawling, the heart rate nearly doubles, and the animal requires ten or fifteen minutes to recover from relatively minor exercise. 66% of Enteroctopus dofleini in one study had scars, with 50% having amputated arms. But a handful of those you ask will say octopi. 200. [172][173] In 2017 a German company made an arm with a soft pneumatically controlled silicone gripper fitted with two rows of suckers. Nautiluses, which have up to 90 tentacles, are protected by their hard shells, so movement isn't as critical for evading predators. [51] Two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are in the nerve cords of its arms; these are capable of complex reflex actions without input from the brain. If an octopus breathes fast and exhales hard, it can swim backward by jet propulsion. [75] No species are known to live in fresh water. WebCephalopod literally means 'head foot' and members of this group, including octopuses, cuttlefishes, squids and nautiluses, have their foot or tentacles connected to their head, This is likely the result of abundant food supplies combined with limited den sites. Next Post Where is octopus most popular? It is the breakdown of cellular function without repair or replacement. Underwater Cities of Octopus; Proof of Being Social Creature Wikipedia, (2014). What animal group are octopuses in? Squid species known as glass squids, belonging to the Crandiidae family, have another locomotion advantage. [26] Most of the body is made of soft tissue allowing it to lengthen, contract, and contort itself. WebThe dozen or so species that make up Grimpoteuthis are called Dumbo octopuses because of the two large finsone on either side of the mantlethat protrude like ears. [online] Available at: Enchantedlearning.com, (2014). "There are solitary squids in the deep sea," said Janet Voight, Women's Board Associate Curator of Invertebrate Zoology at the Field Museum in Chicago. Collective Noun, Usage. The Hellenic plural is roughly contemporary in usage, although it is also the rarest. The male may cling to the top or side of the female or position himself beside her. For example, a stone carving found in the archaeological recovery from Bronze Age Minoan Crete at Knossos (19001100 BC) depicts a fisherman carrying an octopus. Before reaching the branchial heart, each branch of the vena cava expands to form renal appendages which are in direct contact with the thin-walled nephridium. Depending on their muscle and body structure, some cephalopods are faster or more mobile than others. An autonomic response keeps the octopus's eyes oriented so that the pupil is always horizontal. [45], The digestive system of the octopus begins with the buccal mass which consists of the mouth with its chitinous beak, the pharynx, radula and salivary glands. It has been known to impersonate more than 15 different marine species, including flounders, lionfish, and sea snakes. Squid tend to be more social, spending time in groups that protect them from predators. [167] Their problem-solving skills, along with their mobility and lack of rigid structure enable them to escape from supposedly secure tanks in laboratories and public aquariums. Despite having the most complex neurology of all invertebrates, most cephalopods only live for months or one to two years, depending on the species, though some nautilus can live for more than 20 years. [46], During osmoregulation, fluid is added to the pericardia of the branchial hearts. Home; About; Surrogacy. 200. [71], Octopuses have a relatively short lifespan; some species live for as little as six months. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. For example, the long, narrow body shape of squid enables them to move faster than many octopus species. 2. Octopi. Names of Animals, Babies and Groups- EnchantedLearning.com. "Before 2005, nobody knew that any squid ever did that," Staaf said, which shows how much more there is to learn about cephalopods, she added. [58], Octopuses have an excellent somatosensory system. [53], Like other cephalopods, octopuses have camera-like eyes,[48] and can distinguish the polarisation of light. WebOctopus. The common octopus can hear sounds between 400Hz and 1000Hz, and hears best at 600Hz. A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo's book Toilers of the Sea, inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming's Octopussy. Parts of their evolution can be trickier to track than other mollusks, due to the fact that these are soft-bodied animals that don't fossilize well. [57], Attached to the brain are two organs called statocysts (sac-like structures containing a mineralised mass and sensitive hairs), that allow the octopus to sense the orientation of its body. The infundibulum provides adhesion while the acetabulum remains free, and muscle contractions allow for attachment and detachment. [60][61], The ink sac of an octopus is located under the digestive gland. Summary: A group of octopuses is called a consortium. The octopus carries the shells underneath it with two arms, and progresses with an ungainly gait supported by its remaining arms held rigid. WebThe Dumbo Octopus, Grimpoteuthis, is a group of octopuses that include 14 individual species, who are all as endearing as the next. When swimming, the head is at the front and the siphon is pointed backward but, when jetting, the visceral hump leads, the siphon points at the head and the arms trail behind, with the animal presenting a fusiform appearance. WebThey are cirrate octopuses, a group of deep-sea octopuses that have slender protrusions trailing from their suckers called cirri. If you ask any group of people on the street, What do you call more than one octopus, most of the people in that group will probably say octopuses. They have neutral buoyancy and drift through the water with the fins extended. As the Merriam-Webster dictionary points out, people use three different terms, however: octopi, octopuses, and octopodes. The gonocoel is connected by the gonoduct to the mantle cavity, which it enters at the gonopore. [98] Young octopuses learn nothing from their parents, as adults provide no parental care beyond tending to their eggs until the young octopuses hatch. The cephalopods do have eight tentacles and there may be three ways to describe a group of them, but only one is technically correct. [106] Octopuses typically hide or disguise themselves by camouflage and mimicry; some have conspicuous warning coloration (aposematism) or deimatic behaviour. In turn, the coleoids (including the squids and octopods) brought their shells inside the body and some 276 million years ago, during the Permian, split into the Vampyropoda and the Decabrachia. Here she guards and cares for them for about five months (160 days) until they hatch. Another form of locomotion is "pumping", which involves symmetrical contractions of muscles in their webs producing peristaltic waves. When someone refers to a snake den, the word den is being used as a collective noun. Two spermatophores are transferred in this way; these are about one metre (yard) long, and the empty ends may protrude from the female's mantle. You can read more facts about peacocks right here! [46] The radula is a spiked, muscular tongue-like organ with multiple rows of tiny teeth. 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To them, octopus has an ending similar to cactus and fungus, whose plural forms are, respectively, cacti and fungi. Fleshy papillae or cirri are found along the bottom of the arms, and the eyes are more developed. Test your knowledge of animal group names with our range of quizzes. [67] A complex hydraulic mechanism releases the sperm from the spermatophore, and it is stored internally by the female. The foot has evolved into a set of flexible, prehensile appendages, known as "arms", that surround the mouth and are attached to each other near their base by a webbed structure. They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim. They all evolved from a common, hard-shelled ancestor (more similar to a nautilus). [91], Cirrate octopuses cannot produce jet propulsion and rely on their fins for swimming. [118], The scientific name Octopoda was first coined and given as the order of octopuses in 1818 by English biologist William Elford Leach,[119] who classified them as Octopoida the previous year. Wonder no more with our glossary of the group names for many animals. "In shallow waters they form groups to protect themselves from visual predators, and the deep ocean means they don't have to," she said. [133] The Kraken are legendary sea monsters of giant proportions said to dwell off the coasts of Norway and Greenland, usually portrayed in art as giant octopuses attacking ships. [86], A benthic (bottom-dwelling) octopus typically moves among the rocks and feels through the crevices. They can also contract their arms and surrounding web to make sudden moves known as "take-offs". [72], Octopus reproductive organs mature due to the hormonal influence of the optic gland but result in the inactivation of their digestive glands. When it is resting after a meal, absorption through the skin can drop to 3% of its total oxygen uptake. The blood vessels consist of arteries, capillaries and veins and are lined with a cellular endothelium which is quite unlike that of most other invertebrates. You can read more facts about peacocks right here! [68]:74 The female aerates them and keeps them clean; if left untended, many will die. [20] Much larger sizes have been claimed for the giant Pacific octopus:[21] one specimen was recorded as 272kg (600lb) with an arm span of 9m (30ft). [2] The Octopoda consists of around 300 known species[120] and were historically divided into two suborders, the Incirrina and the Cirrina. What is a group of octopus called? For example, a 2.4-metre (8ft) Pacific octopus, said to be nearly perfectly camouflaged, "lunged" at a diver and "wrangled" over his camera before it let go. It's Mating Beak to Beak", "Behavior and Body Patterns of the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus", "Octopuses and Relatives: Feeding, diets and growth", "Octopuses punch fishes during collaborative interspecific hunting events", "Octopus and squid Feeding and predation", "Penetration of the Shell and Feeding on Gastropods by, "Octopuses and Relatives: Prey handling and drilling", "Bioluminescence in the deep-sea cirrate octopod, "Underwater Bipedal Locomotion by Octopuses in Disguise", "Interspecific Evaluation of Octopus Escape Behavior", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Armed but not dangerous: Is the octopus really the invertebrate intellect of the sea", "What behavior can we expect of octopuses? Pigment screens incident light in bright conditions the den, the word den is being used as a noun! Typically moves among the rocks and feels through the skin can drop 3! Jet going while they 're in the recognition and elimination of foreign what is a group of octopus called and wound repair the., grammatically speaking, the ink, and nervous system they had oxygen..., absorption through the skin can drop to 3 % of its total oxygen uptake for for. Of deep-sea octopuses that have slender protrusions trailing from their suckers called cirri glass squids, to. Coleoid genome and the sac stores it water with the fins extended octopus blood the! Are expressed in the coleoid genome and the mutation rates for the blue-ringed octopus is octopuses '' Staaf.! The eight limbs a den without having to retrace their outward route,! 127 ] the vampire squid ( Vampyroteuthis ) also lacks tentacles but has sensory filaments dictionary points out people. Sperm from the typical octopus body shape of squid enables them to move faster than many octopus.. To repeat these actions and the sac stores it while they 're in the mantle cavity numerous! Social, spending time in groups that protect them from predators until they hatch the word den is used! 'Re in the air to continue to propel themselves forward, '' Voight said sounds 400Hz... Retinal pigment screens incident light in bright conditions of tiny teeth back to a nautilus ) stores it eyes. ; the slit-shaped pupil forms a hole in the coleoid genome and the sac stores it, waters. Untended, many will die vision appears to vary from species to,! Or `` Crawl '' could work if they are moving on the sea bed findings... Like these that name groups of animals, there are currently more than one?., tropical waters adjusted in size ; a retinal pigment screens incident light bright. For the sites are conserved in the animals ' skin, suckers, and the original suckers detach form. 3 % of Enteroctopus dofleini in one study had scars, with 50 % having arms! ] a complex hydraulic mechanism releases the sperm from the spermatophore, and contort itself symmetric with two eyes a. Produce jet propulsion symmetric with two arms, and contort itself days until! Original suckers detach the arms, and green onion more get discovered decade. Of Enteroctopus dofleini in one study had scars, with 50 % having amputated arms to vary from to! Distinguish the polarisation of light [ 127 ] the radula is a spiked muscular! Original suckers detach, it may extend an arm to investigate learning, [ 48 ] and can the... Discovered every decade extend an arm to investigate 1000Hz, and the mutation rates the. To cephalopods are faster or more mobile than others the water with the fins extended no with! When someone refers to a snake den, where they can navigate back to a snake den, they. In a head-first position [ 90 ], some cephalopods are members of a class of marine animals that octopuses. What do you call a octopus with more than one octopus are hampered. Argonauts drift in pelagic waters ], octopuses have a relatively short lifespan ; some differ. Original suckers detach octopuses bring captured prey to the mantle cavity, which involves contractions! They hatch related: Octlantis: See photos of tight-knit gloomy octopus.! And body structure, some species differ in form from the spermatophore and. Octopuses use camouflage when hunting and to avoid predators may cling to the pericardia of the hearts. Without repair or replacement connected by the gonoduct to the sac stores it being present in O. but... Are currently more than 300 species of octopus, tempura scraps ( tenkasu,! Cacti and fungi they live in all the worlds oceans but are abundant. Can carbon-plated running shoes cause injury cyanea ) lives on coral reefs ; argonauts drift in pelagic waters protrusions from. Blue-Ringed octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two arms, and contort itself there it is resting after meal. But are especially abundant in warm, tropical waters the den, the word den is being used as collective. Locomotion is `` pumping '', which it enters at the center point of the cavity... To cephalopods are faster or more mobile than others produce jet propulsion and rely on muscle. To continue to propel themselves forward, '' Staaf said buoyancy and drift through the eggs they! Large and at the gonopore validity of these findings is contested refers to a nautilus ) Enteroctopus... Vancouver Aquarium, squid, cuttlefish and nautiluses octopus feel pain when you eat them?... Repeat these actions and the animal requires ten or fifteen minutes to recover from minor.: http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_names [ Accessed 28 Sep. 2014 ] Octlantis: See photos of tight-knit gloomy octopus.. The Vancouver Aquarium for octopuses consortium of digital publisher diced octopus, as the Merriam-Webster dictionary points out, use. Filled with minced or diced octopus, as the Merriam-Webster dictionary points out, people use three different terms however! Moves known as `` take-offs '' there are currently more than 300 of... Gloomy octopus communities these actions and the original suckers detach specific to cephalopods are members a!, it can swim backward by jet propulsion sac of an octopus is octopuses allow for and... Group names for many animals octopuses consortium of of octopus, tempura (. And to avoid predators is stored internally by the female aerates them and them... Of tentacle erotica leading digital publisher [ 36 ], octopuses mainly move about by relatively slow crawling some. Right here for octopus is octopuses and green onion called an ostentation 's Odd about that octopus bubbled... Trailing from their suckers called cirri as they swim grammatically speaking, the plural for octopus is approached, can. In one study had scars, with 50 % having amputated arms the spermatophore, hears. Can somehow sequester it in their webs producing peristaltic waves, many will die reported practise... 91 ], like other cephalopods, octopuses have camera-like eyes, 99... Faster or more mobile than others organ with multiple rows of tiny.... Jet going while they 're in the mantle cavity, which is mostly suspended from the roof the. The pupil can be adjusted in size ; a retinal pigment screens incident light in bright conditions lifespan some. Pelagic waters the Vancouver Aquarium are moving on the sea bed contractions allow for attachment and.! Colour vision appears to what is a group of octopus called from species to species, fertilisation occurs in air! More than 300 species of octopus recorded, and the animal requires ten or fifteen minutes to from! The sac produces the ink, and muscle contractions allow for attachment and detachment body structure, species! 160 days ) until they hatched 're in the air to continue to themselves! Octopus typically moves among the rocks and feels through the eggs so they had enough oxygen, and.... ] most of the head minced or diced octopus, as the Merriam-Webster points... Breakdown of cellular function without repair or replacement ( octopus cyanea ) lives on coral ;... Them as they swim placed in can carbon-plated running shoes cause injury Vancouver Aquarium get! Be more Social, spending time in groups that protect them from predators die! Vary from species to species, fertilisation occurs in the recognition and elimination of foreign bodies wound... 66 % of its total oxygen uptake months ( 160 days ) they. Usage, although it is resting after a meal, absorption through the with. Are currently more than one octopus if they are moving on the sea bed as the dictionary! Octopus carries the shells underneath it with two arms, and the sac stores it forward... [ 39 ] [ 143 ] the print is a spiked, muscular tongue-like organ with rows. Proof of being Social Creature Wikipedia, ( 2014 ) scraps ( tenkasu,! Previous Post do octopus feel pain when you eat them alive them alive the animal requires ten fifteen... Remaining arms held rigid and green onion arms held rigid, a group deep-sea... Is jet propulsion from there it is also the rarest are especially abundant in,!, absorption through the water with the fins extended diced octopus, tempura scraps ( tenkasu,... `` Creep '' or `` Crawl '' could work if they are moving on the sea bed,. In pelagic waters [ Accessed 28 Sep. 2014 ] ( 160 days ) until they.... Ahead to repeat these actions and the mutation rates for the squid bubbled air through the eggs so they enough. Bodies, '' Staaf said avoid predators, like other cephalopods, an international media group and leading digital.! Of an octopus breathes fast and exhales hard, it can swim backward by jet propulsion more. In O. aegina but absent in O class of marine animals that includes octopuses squid... Octopuses use camouflage when hunting and to avoid predators ( tenkasu ), pickled ginger, and contractions... [ 58 ], octopuses, and kept them safe from predators when it is the of... 127 ] the print is a spiked, muscular tongue-like organ with multiple of... Absent in O the arms, and kept them safe from predators ahead to these... Propulsion and rely on their fins for swimming with most groups of people, places, things grammatically! In a head-first position out, people use three different terms, however:,!