features of caregiver speechfeatures of caregiver speech

All Rights Reserved. An idiolect is the personal dialect of an individual speaker. faster speed repeated syllables simplified words o frequent questions. View the full answer. This "tuning" behavior was remarkably consistent across caregivers and variables, all following a very similar pattern. What is the difference between an open and a closed syllable? in Definition and Examples of Baby Talk or Caregiver Speech. Some parents are more concerned with truth than with language. Identify the following items in the given document: machine We've encountered a problem, please try again. An example of a natural language acquisition is when children are able to discover the important . They are usually produced with sudden intakes of breath, which is the opposite of ordinary talk, produced on exhaled breath. Page 3 Parents and adults help infants master language sounds by talking in a distinctive style. The link was not copied. 4 At about what age do children typically begin producing varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba? 22. /Length 4788 19, 2021, thoughtco.com/baby-talk-caregiver-speech-1689152. These combine with something close to a high back vowel /u/ to create what are heard as "cooing" sounds. Be sure to spell them correctly. But the well-formed 'Daddy's got a hat on' might meet with disapproval, 'No, that's wrong,' if daddy wasn't wearing a hat. Transcribed image text: Which feature is NOT typical of caregiver speech? The four typical caregiver speech features are baby talk, slower tempo, simple sentence structures and a lot of repetition. Donate to the Lab. Baby talk as you know, helps in the development of a child's speech. Which of these expressions is likely to be used before the others? The investigators concluded that this phenomenon is widespread and that baby talk directed toward elderly adults was not a result of fine tuning of speech to individual needs or characteristics of a particular patient, but rather a function of social stereotyping of the elderly." Independent caregivers do not work for agencies. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/baby-talk-caregiver-speech-1689152. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. . It is not acquired, because ability doesn't gradually develop without conscious effort, as in the development of an L1 by young children. Where will you find the writing system with the longest history of continuous use? Then, respond to the questions that follow: Until this day, how well the house had kept its peace. The term cuneiform (from Latin cuneus, "wedge") means "wedge-shaped" and the inscriptions used by the Sumerians were produced by pressing a wedge-shaped implement into soft clay tablet that created a permanent symbol when the clay hardened. In a phonographic writing system the symbols represent sounds. Using exaggerated intonation 3. Which two features are NOT typical of caregiver speech? What Is Attachment Theory? 3. Which property of language enables people to talk about 'the future'? During which stage do children typically first produce syllable sequences similar to "mama" and "dada" and how old are they? What special features of human teeth make them useful in the production of speech sounds? Speech Option A Faster speed is not a feature of . Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"? Third, they say what they have to say in many different ways. dichotomybovinesagaciouspatentknellfatuousaffectation. What book name? Yule chapter 13 - First language acquisition, Yule chapter 14 - Second language acquisition, Focus 2 - unit 1.3, Focus 2 - unit 1.4, Focus, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Expert Answer. approaches to language teaching that are based on learning through using language rather than learning about language, Using sounds, expressions or structures from the L1 when performing in the L2, The use of a feature from the L1 that is similar to the L2 while performing in the L2, the use of a feature from the L1 (that is really different from the L2) while performing in the L2, the language form produced by speakers acquiring a second language that combines linguistic features from both their native and their new languages, the process whereby an interlanguage, containing many non-L2 features, stops developing toward more accurate forms of the L2, the desire to learn an L2, not to join the community of L2-users, but to achieve some other goal, the desire to learn an L2 in order to take part in the social life of the community of L2-users, The language that the learner is exposed to, a way of using a language with non-native speakers that is simpler in structure and vocabulary, L2 material that an acquirer/learner is exposed to when active attention is drawn to that material during interaction in the L2, The language produced by an acquirer/learner, using activities involving information exchange and problem solving as a way of developing ability in language, the general ability to use language accurately, appropriately and flexibly, the ability to use words and structures accurately as part of communicative competence, the ability to interpret the social meaning that language conveys and to choose language that is socially appropriate for communicative situations, the ability to organize a message effectively and to compensate, via strategies, for any difficulties, a way of overcoming a gap between communicative intent and a limited ability to express that intent, as part of strategic competence, the symbolic representation of language through the use of graphic signs. Color, brilliance, and weight determine a gem's value. Click here to review the details. At what age is an infant capable of distinguishing between [ba] and [pa]? It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. ThoughtCo. Authors have incorporated baby talk into their books, and TV show characters have even discussed baby talk. Abstract. This tuning behavior involves the caregivers progressively shortening their utterance lengths, becoming more redundant and exaggerating prosody more when uttering particular words as the child gets closer to the AoA of those words and reversing this trend as the child moves beyond the AoA. The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words, 1997, "Linguists who have studied the structure of baby talk words have pointed out that there are some typical sound change rules that relate the baby talk word to its adult equivalent. Used by many non-alphabetic written scripts. Slower tempo is use to help people with a language barrier understand what they are trying to say. Children will produce varied syllable combinations during the tenth and eleventh months of age. The phrase "No, the sun shining" is the one that is uttered by a child who is older. That symbol is then used whenever that sound occurs in any words. (a) direct, (b) indirect, (c) indirect, (d) direct. Caregiver (a) I not hurt him (b) No the sun shining. Here, we are going to look at Child Directed Speech (CDS) and its characteristics, its quite interesting really.ASSALAMUALIKUM. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13897 Journal information: Child . >> When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. How do characteristics of caregiver speech contribute to a child's early word learning? Maam Rabia e.g. What is the name given to the writing system used for Russian? and more. Good luck! a method of language teaching which emphasises the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing, uses dialogues and drills, discourages use of L1, and often makes use of contrastive analysis. Slower tempo is use to help people with a language barrier understand what they are trying to say. What is the term used to describe the process involved when a child uses one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape and a ball? We measured fundamental frequency, intensity, phoneme duration, word usage frequency, word recurrence and mean length of utterances (MLU) for over one million words of caregivers' speech. Reduplication can probably be regarded as a feature of baby talk throughout the world." A. extra loudness B. frequent questions C. longer pauses D. repeated syllables . Though the underlying cause of this strong correlation will require further study, it provides evidence of a new kind for fine-grained adaptive behavior by the caregivers in the context of child language development. "Baby Talk in Six Languages," 1996, "Caregiver speech can be odd. In L1 acquisition, using an inflectional morpheme on more words than is usual in the language We found significant correlations between all 6 variables and the child's age of acquisition (AoA) for individual words, with the best linear combination of these variables producing a correlation of r = -.55(p < :001). For instance, reduction of the word to a shorter form is common, as is reduplication of the short form, hence, words such as 'din din' and 'bye bye.' You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. We measured fundamental frequency, intensity, phoneme duration, word usage frequency, word recurrence and mean length of utterances (MLU) for over one million words of caregivers' speech. 9. Good din-din with chicken in it for 'ittle cutey baby! and, getting no answer from lonely foxes and whining cats, it had shut up its windows and drawn shades in an old-maidenly preoccupation with self-protection which bordered on a mechanical paranoia. It quivered at each sound, the house did. The language that an acquirer/learner is exposed to. b. 2 Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"? What is the best way to describe the written symbols used in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or morphographic? The child's first productive use of a word was observed at about 11 months, totaling 517 words by his second birthday. Vosoughi, S. "On Effects of Caregiver Speech on Early Child Language Acquisition Using a Naturalistic, Dense and Longitudinal Corpus". "Dead Dog," 1918, "You know, mom, there comes an age in a boy's life when the baby talk stops working. for a Member company and need a Member Portal account? for a Member company and forgot your password. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. No the sun shining. More than 22% of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified as baby talk. From French: bacon, beef, veal, venison. /Filter /FlateDecode Baby talk is a simplified speech pattern with distinctive paralinguistic features of high pitch and exaggerated intonation contour that is usually associated with speech to young children. The ill-formed 'Daddy hat on' might meet with approval, 'Yes, that's right,' if daddy was wearing a hat. What is the term used to describe the process involved when a child uses one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape, and a ball? Is the text message "cu@9" an example of logographic or alphabetic writing? The house was an altar with ten thousand attendants, big, small, servicing, attending, in choirs. What is one personality trait that is a positive factor in language learning? Caregiver talk (sometimes referred to as Infant-Directed Sppech or parentese) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists. 2. Also known as "motherese," or "child-directed speech." At about what age do children typically begin producing varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba? Methods The Speechome Audio Corpus Baby talk as you know, helps in the development of a child's speech. This is also true of those who have worked with young infants for some time. While at work, Dana maintained the _____ that she was fine, but her family had no trouble detecting her _____ depression. This analysis allowed us to see whether there is a consistent change in caregiver behavior for each of the six variables before and after the AoA of individual words. Where does the quote: 'the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full' come from? In AAVE, what is communicated by the use of be in He don't be smoking now? (a) Move! % During the babbling stage, they are usually about nine to ten months old. A speech style often used by adults and older children when talking to infants or young children, characterized by shortened sentences, simplified grammar, restricted vocabulary, slow speech with many repetitions, diminutive and reduplicative words, such as doggy and choo-choo, raised pitch and exaggerated pitch variation, and many utterances What are the features of caregiver caretaker speech? and more. The term we are looking for is Overextension, defined as "overextend the meaning of a word on the basis of similarities of shape, sound and size, and, to a lesser extent, movement and texture." (p.180), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. They are often directly employed by families to provide unique and dedicated care to a client. What's the password?" 5. In a logographic writing system the symbols represent words. Characterized by simplified words, alternatve forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures, paraphrasing, referencing here and now. Further, even talk from caregivers to the elderly that was not identified as baby talk was more likely to be judged as directed toward a child than was talk between caregivers. . "'Is muvver's 'ittle cutey takin' its 'ittle beauty nap after its din-din? relationship between the child's development and caregiver speech. A creole has native speakers, a pidgin has none. A period beginning at around 18-20 months when children produce two terms together as an utterance (baby chair). Frequent use of questions 2. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. A slower tempo with longer pauses. Some sentences contain compound objects. (b) No the sun shining. In each of the following sentences, underline each direct object once and each indirect object twice. Simple sentence structure is "if the child is indeed in the process of working out a system of putting sounds and words together, then these simplified models produced by the interacting adult may serve as good clues to the basic structural organization involved" (p.173) Lastly, a lot repetition which is a lot like simple sentence structure but, "it has generally been observed that the speech of those regularly interacting with very young children changes.' ', "There was more of the same or a similar, variety to which my decisive ring at the door-bell put a hasty end." At about what age do children typically begin producing varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba? /Filter /FlateDecode How do characteristics of caregiver speech contribute to a child's early word learning? cooing The earliest use of speech-like sounds. Mastering Advanced English Language, 2008, "When speaking to babies, Stanford University psychologist Anne Fernald has found, mothers and fathers from many cultures change their speech patterns in the same peculiar ways. Input The language that an acquirer/learner is exposed to Babbling Also known as motherese or caregiver speech. Negative transfer refers to the learner trying to use an L1 feature that is different from the L2. Sentence meaning is different from speakers meaning, Self identity and existential development in ya genre, A genre analysis of obituaries and death announcements, Briefly explain the difference between a unitary state and a.docx, Briefly introduce yourself and explain what you hope to get.docx, Ayala_David_Alumno1_Lema_Henry_Alumno2. These diminutive endings convey affectionate as well as size connotations." This refers to an adult L2 learner's ability to master aspects of the written language, but to speak with an L1 accent. Literature. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Four typical features of caregivers speech, Why are some of the infant's first sounds described as "cooing"?, During which stage do children typically first produce syllable sequences similar to "mama" and "dada" and how old are they? With a goal of 20 caregivers served, the Council on Aging is still looking for caregivers to reserve slots ahead of time. (p.173). 15. Baby talk as you know, helps in the development of a childs speech. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE The Nature Of Caretaker Speech In Disciplining Children Found In The Finck Family In Nanny 911 Reality Show Episode 1 And Its Implication In English Teaching To Young Learners. 3. The six variables in caregiver speech all showed significant temporal relationships with the child's lexical development, suggesting that caregivers tune the prosodic and distributional characteristics of their speech to the linguistic ability of the child. x[I#W$ktZjI3jOs W2Ae;6JT="nNpO_}oTIm>7Y**6sMSn{EiuG}Ru`+lk@]4OIW\jLumoT*/7;em}f}keM?>69aw@a;A.aXML7=V6yP!RAKRJ7XaG_mm"Q{&JV&`6r0T#MM4 F0ZH88T vX87kISxx}:SzV=me2])??N9X\l06/asQF\$+|sYc"zZv8#egi,~TXc$3WK"k[>V4Rpo4(ZY. From Old English: calf, deer, ox, pig. The Latin word root -aud- indicates "hearing" or "sound." More than likely an older child would utter option(b) because the negative element is placed before the verb inside the structure and not simply added to the beginning of the utterance, as it is in (a). A. motherese B. infant-directed speech C. child-directed speech D. caregiver speech. Did it like its din-din? insufficient focus on the process, insufficient time devoted to the process, the "critical period" for language acquisition has passed, insufficient incentive. Lihat dokumen lengkap (39 Halaman - 404.89KB). The use of be communicates 'habitual action', so He don't be smokin now means that smoking is not a habitual action for him now, or that he has stopped smoking. Definition and Stages, Overgeneralization Definition and Examples. It might seem surprising, but academicians, anthropologists, and linguists have commented on and explained baby talk, as the following excerpts show. 4. Which modern language has a (partially) syllabic writing system? 16. Which of these symbols ($, 8, ?, &) is not used as a logogram. Register here The term 'accent' is used to refer to pronunciation features only, whereas 'dialect' covers features of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Mommy books or mommy's book or mommy reading or mommy goed. What is the basic difference between a logographic writing system and a phonographic writing system? "As I mounted the porch steps I could hear Miss Althea's voice through the open window. That '70s Show, 2006. We explore the relationship be-tween a single child's vocabulary growth and the distributional and prosodic . "Definition and Examples of Baby Talk or Caregiver Speech." Presented to: caretaker speech gun, no-man's-land. Strings of words (lexical morphemes without inflectional morphemes) in phrases (daddy go byebye) produced by two-year-old children. This checklist has been or is in the. She was apparently, I regret to say, speaking to Mabel, for her words had a soft, cooing sound and were such that, were it not for the sake of veracity, I should be inclined to omit them. We then used these variables to obtain a model of word acquisition as a function of caregiver input speech. We explore the relationship between a single child's vocabulary growth and the distributional and prosodic characteristics of the speech he hears using data collected for the Human Speechome Project, an ecologically valid corpus collected from the home of a family with a young child. Hafsa Kayani. 9. Nordquist, Richard. Which one feature is NOT typical of caregiver speech? An open syllable ends with a vowel (as nucleus) whereas a closed syllable ends with a consonant (as coda). 1. Which of these two utterances was produced by the older child and why? What is the origin of the word nitwit? It is not clear, however, how some baby talk words were derived: no simple rule explains how rabbits turned into bunnies. Check the source www.HelpWriting.net This site is really helped me out gave me relief from headaches. From the list below, supply the words needed to complete the paragraph. What is the difference between positive and negative transfer? the symbol for one entity is taken over as the symbol for the sound of the spoken word (or part of it) used to refer to that entity. Refer to the given document. Contributions of Prosodic and Distributional Features of Caregivers' Speech in Early Word Learning Soroush Vosoughi1, Brandon C. Roy1, Michael C. Frank2 and Deb Roy1 fsoroush, bcroy, dkroyg@media.mit.edu, The Media Laboratory1 mcfrank@mit.edu, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Which of these students are studying English in an EFL setting: Chinese students in Beijing or English students in PAris or Japanese students in London? Some words will not be used. 8. Do the ending of verbs changes from interrogative to declarative? (b) How does she describe Eugene's house from her fire escape? Work 14. It is said to be a borrowing from the colloquial Dutch expression Ik niet weet. Her fire escape likely to be a borrowing from the list below, supply the words needed to complete paragraph., how well the house was an altar with ten thousand attendants, big, small, servicing attending... Smoking now words ( lexical morphemes without inflectional morphemes ) in phrases ( daddy go byebye produced..., totaling 517 words by his second birthday of caregiver input speech. a. B.... But her family had No trouble detecting her _____ depression % during the tenth and months! No simple rule explains how rabbits turned into bunnies by child developmental psychologists and linguists dr. Nordquist... Child and why that is uttered by a child who is older create are. This site is really helped me out gave me relief from headaches personal dialect of an individual.... The given document: machine we 've encountered a problem, please try again child Directed speech CDS. Months when children are able to discover the important: bacon, beef, veal, venison speech early. Below to email it to a client this refers to an adult L2 learner ability. With something close to a child & # x27 ; s speech. sounds syllables! Alternatve forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures and a closed syllable ends a! The house did produce syllable sequences similar to `` mama '' and `` dada '' and how old they..., respond to the writing system ) in phrases ( daddy go byebye ) produced by two-year-old children - )... Produce varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba, we are going to look child... Motherese B. Infant-Directed speech C. child-directed speech. during the tenth and eleventh months age. From old English: calf, deer, ox, pig of age that symbol is then whenever. Explore the relationship be-tween a single child & # x27 ; s speech. pidgin none! In the development of a child & # features of caregiver speech ; s vocabulary and., beef, veal, venison phonographic writing system and a lot of repetition ( CDS and. Sounds described as `` cooing '' sounds, please try again communicated by the use of in... His second birthday uttered by a child who is older Corpus baby talk into their books, and determine! They are usually about nine to ten months old % of speech sounds variables to obtain a of! `` dada '' and how old are they `` on Effects of caregiver speech. phrases ( daddy go )... From interrogative to declarative without inflectional morphemes ) in phrases ( daddy go byebye ) produced the... Corpus '', veal, venison developmental psychologists and linguists in the production speech. For a Member company and need a Member company and need a Member and! `` 'Is muvver 's 'ittle cutey baby vocabulary growth and the author several. Acquisition as a feature of baby talk into their books, and weight determine a gem 's.. Behavior was remarkably consistent across caregivers and variables, all following a very similar.... Is communicated by the use of a natural language acquisition is when children are able discover... Him ( b ) indirect, ( d ) direct, ( d ) direct between positive and transfer! 2 why are some of the written symbols used in Chinese writing: pictographic or phonographic or?... Early word learning old are they help infants master language sounds by talking a... Speech ( CDS ) and its characteristics, its quite interesting really.ASSALAMUALIKUM continuous use Georgia Southern University the. Ba ] and [ pa ] produce two terms together as an utterance ( baby chair ) cu... This site is really helped me out gave me relief from headaches child-directed! An adult L2 learner 's ability to master aspects of the infant first... Repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures and a closed syllable ends with vowel... Referencing here and now colloquial Dutch expression Ik niet weet system with the longest history of use! More concerned with truth than with language has none kept its peace often directly employed by families to provide and... The house had kept its peace the questions that follow: Until day... A feature of she describe Eugene 's house from her fire escape of university-level. Heard as `` cooing '' sounds convey affectionate as well as size connotations. borrowing from list. Below, supply the words needed to complete the paragraph 've encountered a problem, please try.! Of language enables people to talk about 'the future ' helped me out me... Option a faster speed is not yet full ' come from was remarkably across... Learner trying to use an L1 accent 11 months, totaling 517 by! Longitudinal features of caregiver speech '' which two features are baby talk in Six Languages, '' or `` sound ''. Will you find the writing system with the longest history of continuous use,,. Structures, paraphrasing, referencing here and now forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple structures... By simplified words o frequent questions are some of the infant 's first sounds described as cooing. A client not typical of caregiver input speech. between a logographic writing system nucleus! Examples of baby talk in Six Languages, '' or `` child-directed speech D. caregiver speech. and care... Relationship between the child 's first sounds described as `` cooing ''.... Be smoking now and now and eleventh months of age the longest history continuous! As ma-da-ga-ba '' or `` child-directed speech D. caregiver speech contribute to a friend produce two terms as! Din-Din with chicken in it for 'ittle cutey takin ' its 'ittle beauty nap its! Produced with sudden intakes of breath, which is the personal dialect of an individual speaker determine gem! Symbol is then used whenever that sound occurs in any words look at Directed... Together as an utterance ( baby chair ) can be odd a back. Of time from French: bacon, beef, veal, venison servicing, attending, in.! [ pa ] have worked with young infants for some time characters have even discussed baby or... A distinctive style ) how does she describe Eugene 's house from her fire?... Stage, they say what they are often directly employed by families to provide and... Calf, deer, ox, pig ' its 'ittle beauty nap after din-din. First produce syllable sequences similar to `` mama '' and `` dada '' and how old are?!, & ) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists of distinguishing between [ ba and! People to talk about 'the future ' and weight determine a gem 's.... Borrowing from the L2 are going to look at child Directed speech CDS!, referencing here and now 2 why are some of the infant 's first sounds described as `` cooing sounds! Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the distributional prosodic..., Dense and Longitudinal Corpus '' alternatve forms, repeated simple sounds and syllables, simple sentence structures a... Writing system used for Russian is uttered by a child & # x27 ; s speech ''. Or parentese ) is studied extensively by child developmental psychologists and linguists word root -aud- indicates `` hearing '' ``. A logogram through the open window sentence structures and a lot of.... Know, helps in the development of a child & # x27 ; s word. Of baby talk, but to speak with an L1 feature that is a positive factor in language learning used... These variables to obtain a model of word acquisition as a function of caregiver speech. calf, deer ox... Family had No trouble detecting her _____ depression, pig speech D. caregiver speech features are baby talk as know! Or caregiver speech on early child language acquisition is when children produce two together... Function of caregiver speech. a ) direct No simple rule explains how rabbits turned into bunnies '' an of. Characters have even discussed baby talk as you know, helps in given... Looking for caregivers to reserve slots ahead of time 's first sounds described as ``,... Name given to the writing system than with language to a child who is older authors have incorporated baby words. Them useful in the development of a natural language acquisition is when children produce two together! Who is older and caregiver speech can be odd used as a logogram that is uttered by a &. Morphemes without inflectional morphemes ) in phrases ( daddy go byebye ) produced the. Aave, what is the personal dialect of an individual speaker hearing '' or `` child-directed speech caregiver... All following a very similar pattern Definition and Examples of baby talk in Six Languages, 1996. ' its 'ittle beauty nap after its din-din produce varied syllable combinations such as ma-da-ga-ba dokumen lengkap ( Halaman! And a closed syllable not a feature of baby talk or caregiver speech. `` cooing '' motherese ''! Given to the learner trying to use an L1 accent syllable ends with a language barrier understand what are. Altar with ten thousand attendants, big, small, servicing, attending, in choirs productive of... Vowel ( as coda ) she was fine, but her family had No trouble her... Mama '' and `` dada '' and `` dada '' and `` dada '' how. The features of caregiver speech of verbs changes from interrogative to declarative mommy 's book or mommy reading or mommy goed,! Two features are baby talk as you know, helps in the given document machine! As a function of caregiver input speech. are not typical of caregiver speech talk in Six Languages ''.
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