Research Institute, Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar (India) However, minimum inhibitory effect was found in genotype G8. Photosynthesis was measured in cloudless clear days at 11:00 am on fully expanded leaves, using IRGA (Infra Red Gas Analyzer, LiCOR 6400) portable photosynthesis system (Lincoln, USA). Brassica napus as the maternal parent and Sinapis arvensis as the paternal parent using hand and insect-mediated crosses. The mixture was extracted with toluene and the free toluene was quantified spectrophotometrically at 528 nm using L- proline as a standard. The nitrate concentration and the in vitro nitrate reductase activity were both increased 1 day after treatment. The performance of the crop was studied in terms of shoot length (SL) plant−1, area (A) leaf−1, leaf area index (LAI), fresh weight (FW) plant−1, dry weight (DW) plant−1, stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (P N), total chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, sensitivity rate index (SRI), leaf-nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) content, leaf- K and Na ratio (K/Na), nitrate reductase (NR) and ATP-sulphurylase (ATP-S) activities, proline (Pro) and glycinebetaine (GB) content at two growth stages (55 and 65 DAS). The experimental pots were irrigated daily with DDW (100–200 ml) to keep the sand moist. Nitrate reductase enzyme is a precursor enzyme for assimilation of nitrate which incorporates into nitrite and NH4 +, however, is toxic. Indian mustard. Thus, inclusion ofmicro and secondary nutrients, cultural practices and This increase was accompanied by a decrease of the chlorophyll ratio. Euphytica, 158(1-2): 261-270. A selected host range study has also been conducted in an attempt to identify the virus. The absorbance was read at 540 nm and was compared with that of the calibration curve. A decreased in value for SRI under salt stress (Table 1) establishes that increasing levels of salinity decrease the tolerance to the salt stress. fruit quadrangular in cross-section, tipped by an indehiscent beak 1-3 mm long and stems usually hairy at least near the base (vs. B. juncea, with fruit circular in cross-section or nearly so, tipped by an indehiscent beak 5-10 mm long and stems usually lacking hairs). The onset of these symptoms was correlated with the presence of free protonated EDTA (H-EDTA) in the hydroponic solution, suggesting that free H-EDTA is more phytotoxic than Pb-EDTA. In spite of intensive research on V. longisporum in the last decades, some basic knowledge on epidemiology, seed transmission and resistance mechanisms are still lacking. However, maximum accumulation of Pro and GB was reported in genotype G8 (Table 2). and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) roots to Cu treatment were investigated. The crop is cultivated in 53 countries spreading over all the five continents across the globe. The rosette leaves of B. napus varieties had grayish color, thicker lobed shape, waxy surface, and bold white veins (Fig. The effect of the cytoplasms of Brassica napus and B. juncea on some characteristics of B. carinata, including flower morphology. Figure 1. (B) Subsequent cell division and cell wall formation. Furthermore, the cortex of the stem is relatively narrow and differentiated into collenchyma, chlorenchyma and parenchyma. 2003). 1994). The experiment was performed in a net house of the Department of Botany, Aigarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, under natural conditions. Sridiamin a natural blend of 17 essential L-aminoacids, fortified with vitamins ensuring better crop growth and higher productivity. 2006) for salinity tolerance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kirinyuh berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas serangan pada tanaman sawi dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh yang dapat menekan serangan hama pemakan daun yaitu yang tertinggi pada perlakuan K3 (300 g/L air).Kata kunci: Tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.), intensitas serangan, tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) THE ATTACK INTENSITY DUE TO LEAF-EATING PESTS AFTER APPLICATION OF KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) LEAF EXTRACT ON MUSTARD GREEN (Brassica juncea L.) ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the attack due to leaf-eating pests after the application of kirinyuh leaf extract on mustard greens. Considering the comparative performance of the genotypes (G1–G10), G8 proved best for most of the parameters studied, except MDA content and SRI, studied at 55 and 65 DAS (Table 2). The effective treatments besides providing significant reduced disease severity per cent and increase yield of the crop (14.36 q/h) under field conditions. The latter was determined as described in DalCorso et al.. alba. Sampling was done after 55 and 65 days of sowing (DAS). The data revealed a coordinated decrease in the activities of NR and ATP-S in the leaves of Brassica genotypes under salt stress but the magnitude varies to genotypes. We first homogenized 300 mg fresh leaf samples in sulphosalicylic acid. Plant growth regulators have potential for manipulating growth of many agricultural crops. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan di Kelurahan Lansot Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan Kota Tomohon pada bulan Desember 2018 – Februari 2019. The A leaf−1 was obtained directly with the help of a graph paper. The dilute solution which was applied to the plants was prepared by mixing 200 ml of each of the macronutrient stock solution with 100 ml of the micronutrient supplement and diluting to 4.5 l with DDW. The data revealed that the adverse effect of NaCl on SL plant−1, A leaf−1, LAI, FW and DW plant−1 was found minimum in genotype G8 (Figures 1 and 2). The Brassica napus genotypes responded broadly in terms of their physio-morphological features and differential tolerance to salinity stress. These are helpful for maintaining cellular pH, detoxification of cells, and scavenging of free radicals (Slocum et al. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. 1996; Khan et al. Salinity effect on FW plant−1 (A, B) and DW plant−1 (C, D) of 10 genotypes of Brassica juncea L. at two stages of growth. Among the several factors, environmental stresses such as draught, water logging, salinity, low or high temperature, nutrient deficiency or excess also responsible for poor productivity. Chen, B. Y., Heneen, W. K. and Simonsen, V. 1990. Leaf area index (LAI) was determined by the following formula as used by Watson (1958): Sensitivity rate index (SRI) was calculated according to the following formula, used by Rejili et al. Seeds obtained from diseased plants under greenhouse condition had an incidence of V. longisporum infestation ranging from 0.08% to 13.3% in in vitro tests, among which the highest level of seed transmission incidence was recorded for the susceptible cultivar Falcon. Photosynthesis has a well-established role in plant growth and dry matter production (Danks et al. Financial support by the Science and Engineering Research Council, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, for the award of Young Scientist to Dr Manzer H. Siddiqui (Project No. In this comparative study, the uptake and accumulation of Cu as well as the morphological and physiological responses of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. In vivo nitrate reductase activity in plants treated with 5 parts/million methabenzthiazuron was very low, presumably because of lack of sugars for the production of NADH. and Cosson is ravaged by several diseases viz., Alternaria This treatment produced significantly highest yield Brassica juncea Coss. Figure 1. Physiological and morphological responses of the root system of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. 2H2O-4.84; MnCl2 .4H2O-81.10; (NH4)6 Mo7O24 .4H2O-0.83; ZnCl2-23.45; ferric citrate pentahydrate-809.84. Salinity tolerance is related to the maintenance of P N and gs (Lakshmi et al. (2005), Mokhamed et al. Alia et al. These results suggest that the salt-tolerant genotype may have better osmotic adjustment and protection from free radicals by increasing the accumulation of Pro and GB content with overproduction of N and K and higher K/Na, NR and ATP-S activities under salinity stress. seed treatment with propiconazole The microspores of B. juncea cv. NaCl treatments decreased all the above parameters, except Pro, GB, MDA, Na and SRI at both stages. white rust (1.39), Sclerotinia twigs infection (1.90) and Seed treatment with removal of four lower Registered in England & Wales No. Czern.) Among the economically important diseases, Verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne vascular pathogen causing ‘Verticillium stem striping’ on oilseed rape, has become a potential threat in major oilseed rape production areas. These responses are taken to indicate an increased photosynthetic and metabolic capacity in methabenzthiazuron treated wheat plants.Comparable results can be obtained with plants grown at low light intensities. and Czern. restricted Figure 4. Due to the intensive production of oilseed rape, several biotic and abiotic stresses threaten the growth and productivity of this crop. No registered fungicide is available on the market to control this pathogen. Fresh leaf samples were weighed and transferred to plastic vials. use of fungicides (as seed treatment and foliar spray) to during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Each pot was given 200 ml of nutrient solution at every two days. Variation in the basal leaf morphology of Brassica juncea is tremendous, and minor variants have been recognized at specific, subspecific, and varietal ranks. Salt stress increased MDA and Na content while it decreased Chl, N and K content and K/Na ratio, Chl content, NR and ATP-S activities in all genotypes. Besides, the role of salicylic acid (SA) in resistance of oilseed rape to V. longisporum was investigated. To the incubated mixture, 1% sulphanilamide and 0.2% NED-HCl (N-1-naphthylethylene-diamine dihydrochloride) were added. ssp. These studies clearly demonstrate that coordination of Pb transport by EDTA enhances the mobility within the plants of this otherwise insoluble metal ion, allowing plants to accumulate high concentrations of Pb in shoots. (C) Initiation of shoot regeneration from calli after 35 days of fusion. Salinity effect on Pro content (A, B), and GB content (C, D) of 10 genotypes of Brassica juncea L. at two stages of growth. The growth of individual tiller buds and tillers, the main shoot and the root system was recorded over the following 15 d. Terpal and Cerone stimulated tiller bud elongation within 5 d at both nutrient levels and after 15 d the number of emerged tillers was increased at the higher nutrient level. All these "taxa" have 2n = 36, and they can be readily crossed and produce fully fertile offspring. Foliar spraying of Brassica carinata (cv. Soluble reducing sugars have been found to decrease 4 hr after treatment and to stay at a low level throught the experiment. mancozeb, Ridomil, Allium sativum, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, carbendazim against foliar disease Alternaria blight of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea] under, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi intensitas serangan akibat hama pemakan daun setelah aplikasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh pada tanaman sawi. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) induces a myriad of morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants via significant reduction of hydroxylation reactions required for gibberellin and sterol biosynthesis. This study was used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments of kirinyuh leaf extract concentration, namely K0 (control) = 0 g / L water, K1 = 100 g / L water, K2 = 200 g / L water, and K3 = 300 g / L water. The Pro content was determined spectrophotometrically by adopting the ninhydrin method of Bates et al. Terpal characteristically promoted the growth of secondary tiller buds whereas Cerone promoted the emergence of the coleoptile tiller; both these PGRs also retarded the development of the main shoot. G8 (Radha) had higher capacity to retain K and N and avoid Na toxicity, salt sensitivity rate index and lipid peroxidation. Salt stress resulted in accumulation of Pro and GB, in all genotypes. Moreover, compatible solutes at higher concentrations can reduce inhibitory effects of ions on enzymes activity and do not disturb intercellular biochemistry (Bohnert and Jensen 1996). After adjusting the filter for potassium, 10 ml peroxide-digested material was run. Before sowing, seeds were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min, then vigorosly rinsed with double distilled water (DDW) and sown in sand filled pots supplied with Raukura's nutrient solution. (2005) on Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss. blight, Sclerotinia stem rot, white rust and nutrient deficiency Salinity is one of the most injurious abiotic stresses for plants that alters different morphological and physiological traits of plants to an abnormal state. The pollen morphology of the studied species obtained by light and scanning electron microscope are summarized in Table 2 and Fig. When the plants were at the stage of 2–3 true leaves, NaCl solution was added to the pots gradually by 50 ml every alternate day until the desired concentration was achieved. Although the efficacy of PBZ can be variable and is highly dependent on treatment conditions, it has been used with marked success in horticulture, forestry and with some agronomic species. The youngest fully expanded leaves were extracted with 80% acetone and the absorbance was read spectrophotometrically (Spekol-1500, Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) at 663 and 645 nm. The supernatant (crude extract) was used for in vitro ATP-S assays. Among the plant growth retardants, paclobutrazol (PP333) has been reported to exert profound effects on improving the yield of certain vegetables. 2003). and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to copper stress. Figure 2. representing only a minor part of oilseed production. The explanation is given that the ATP level was first decreased because of a lowered carbohydrate supply for substrate and oxidative phosphorylation, and was afterwords increased as a result of an increased cyclic photophosphorylation activity.The soluble protein content and the incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein were increased 4 days after herbicidal treatment. The salts used to make up the Raukura's nutrient solution were as follows: Macronutrient stock solution A (g l−1): Mg (NO3)2 6H2O-4.94; Ca (NO3)2 .4H2O-16.78; NH4NO3-8.48; KNO3-2.28. morphology and the size of the virus. We infer that maximum activity of NR and ATP-S in G8 might have a role in its salt tolerance under salinity. The reaction mixture was kept for 20 min for color development. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. I. Kinetics and stochiometry of fatty acid peroxidation, Differences in physiological traits among salt-stressed barley genotypes, Mechanism involved in salt tolerance of plants, Nitrate reductase assay in intact plant tissues, Salinity induced changes in growth, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, proline accumulation and yield in linseed genotypes, Control of sulphate assimilation and glutathione synthesis: interaction with N and C metabolism, Effect of NaCl on photosynthesis parameters in two cultivars of mulberry, Demand-driven control of root ATP sulfurylase activity and S0, Photosynthesis, productivity and environment, Rapid analytical methods for some of the more common inorganic constituents of plant tissue, Effect of salinity on germination and growth of alfalfa, sunflower and sorghum, Protection of plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells by glycinbetaine and proline against NaCl stress, Nitrogen containing compounds and adaptation of plants to salinity stress, The effect of salt stress on growth, nitrate reduction and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in, Guidelines for irrigation with saline and alkali waters, Genotype differences in salinity tolerance in green gram cultivars, Osmolyte accumulation in different rape genotypes under sodium chloride salinity, Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants, Ion concentration and carbohydrate status of the elongating leaf tissue, The significance of a two-phase growth response to salinity in wheat and barley, Nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes: effect of nitrogen sources and saline irrigation, Iron catalysed oxygen radical formation and its possible contribution to draught damage in nine native grasses and three cereals, Stress physiology: the function significance of the accumulation of nitrogen containing compounds, Effects of exogenous glycinebetaine on growth and ultrastructure of salt-stressed rice seedlings (, Salt transport by plants in relation to salinity, Changes in pigment composition, Hill reaction activity and saccharides metabolism in Bajra (, Effect of NaCl on the growth and the ionic balance K, Quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in higher plants, Salinity-induced glutathione synthesis in, Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, cation accumulation, chloroplast structure and function in wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance, Role of nitrogen and gibberellin (GA3) in the regulation of enzyme activities and in osmoprotectant accumulation in, The physiology and biochemistry of polyamines in plants, Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (, The mechanism of ion permeation through K, Scavenging of reactive oxygen species in NaCl-stressed rice (, Microarray analysis of the nitrate response in, The dependence of net assimilation rate on leaf area index, Salinity induced differences in growth, ion distribution and partitioning in barley between the cultivar Maythorpe and its derived mutant Golden Promise, Expression of genes for photosynthesis and the relationship to salt tolerance of alfalfa (, Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the context of whole-plant physiology. Morphological and physio-biochemical characterization of Brassica juncea L. Czern. Effects of the herbicide on plant development and plant composition were analysed up to an age of 4 weeks.Inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution represented the primary effect induced by the herbicidal treatment and led to a decreased concentration of soluble reducing sugars. Inheritance of seed colour in Brassica campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. Euphytica 59:157–163. K+/Na+ ratio is an indicator of salt tolerance and indicate the lowers damage of plants. Untreated and paclobutrazol-treated field-grown plants of winter oil-seed rape cv. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. brown sarson). Morphology of pollen grains as, pollen size, shape, exine thickness and ornamentation characters are very useful in plant identification. Growth retardants of the pyrimidine, norbornenodiazetine, and triazole type are inhibitors of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases of various metabolic pathways. The highest activities of these enzyme and Pro and GB content were recorded in genotype (G8) revealing the role of these enzyme and Pro and GB in salt tolerance. The use of PBZ as a probe during fundamental studies of physiological and biochemical events has also shown promise in efforts to enhance our understanding of sub-cellular events associated with growth and stress-response phenomena in plants. GB was estimated by the method of Grieve and Grattan (1983). propiconazole plus two foliar sprays of propiconazole at 70 1982; Morgan 1984). Aurea) ... (NO 3) 2 for Arabidopsis and tobacco, respectively, to observe shoot development and leaf morphology, and to measure shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll content. There is evidence that irrigation systems and type of irrigation water have contributed to a larger extent in converting arable lands to saline lands. Chen, B. Y. and Heneen, W. K. 1992. In salt-exposed plants, osmotic adjustment is usually accomplished by the accumulation of inorganic ions from growth medium and/or by accumulation of organic solutes such as sugars, organic acid, glycinebetaine and free amino acids in the cytosol and organelles (Rhodes and Hanson 1993; Yeo 1998). Brassica species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. The performance of Brassica juncea genotypes was assessed in terms of SL plant−1, area (A) leaf−1, LAI, FW, DW, SRI, P N, gs, Chl content, MDA content, ATP-S, NR activity, leaf- N, K and Na content, K/Na ratio, GB and Pro content. Leaves were weighed and oven-dried at 75°C, the dried leaves were finely ground with deionized water at 100°C for 60 min. 2003). Geneticdiversityandevolutionof Brassica genetic resources: from morphology to novel genomic technologies – areview Mohamed A. El-Esawi* Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt Received 5 August 2015; Accepted 12 February 2016 – First published online 16 March 2016 Abstract Brassicaspecies have an economic and medicinal importance. (2004) and Mansour et al. The homogenate was strained through gauze and centrifuged at 20,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C. Brassica juncea L. (Mustard) Extract Silver NanoParticles and Knocking off Oxidative Stress, ProInflammatory Cytokine and Reverse DNA Genotoxicity Sohair Aly Hassan 1,*, Ali Mohamed El Hagrassi 2, Olfat Hammam 3, Abdelmohsen M. Soliman 1, Essam Ezzeldin 4 and Wessam Magdi Aziz 1 The magnitude of reduction in P N under salt stress as compared to control might be due to reduction in chloroplast stromal volume and generation of reactive oxygen species (Price and Hendry 1991) and to the closure of stomata caused by excessive accumulation of Na+ ion in guard cells, reduces the availability of internal CO2 (Thiel and Blatt 1990; Nicolas et al. B.juncea is distinct from its close relatives B. napus and B. rapa in that the upper leaves of B. juncea are not clasping. Plant Cell Suspensions for Screening and Studying the Mode of Action of Plant Growth Retardants, Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrient Supply on Tiller Bud Outgrowth in Barley (Hordeum distichum L.), Influence of methabenzthiazuron on ATP-level and protein synthesis in wheat, The influence of paclobutrazol on the distribution of 14C-labelled assimilate fixed at anthesis in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), Effects of the herbicide methabenzthiazuron on the physiology of wheat plants, The Role of EDTA in Lead Transport and Accumulation by Indian Mustard. Polyphenoloxidases in, Response of four Brassica species to sodium chloride, Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants, Salt tolerance of cotton: some new advances, Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants, Alluviation of salt stress in pearl millet (, Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies, Rapeseed-mustard at the doorstep of the New Millennium, Mustard Research and Promotion Consortium, Potassium estimation, uptake, and its role in the physiology and metabolism of flowering plants, Strategies for engineering water stress tolerance in plants, The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet, Regulation of gene expression by endogenous abscisic acid during drought stress, Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gab between biochemistry and physiology, Negative feedback regulation of transport in cells, the maintenance of turger, volume and nutrient supply, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. The differences in the magnitude of this enzyme among different Brassica juncea genotypes might be due to a greater accumulation of N in tolerant than susceptible genotypes (Table 2 and Figure 5) and also nitrate is required to induce nitrate reductase, the key enzyme of the overall N assimilation process (Campbell 1999). The accumulation of K was, however, higher in genotype G8 than other genotypes (Table 2). (2005). crop grown in Australia, with . attributes in calcareous soil at the Indian Agricultural B. juncea . These results indicated that SA and phenolic acid synthesis are important in cultivar-related resistance during asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of infection, respectively. ATP-S activity was found maximum in genotype G8 in comparison to other genotypes (Table 2). After two weeks of sowing, thinning was done and three healthy plants of uniform size were maintained in each pot. With the growing demands, the global oilseed rape production is rapidly increasing since the last 40 years. The data reveal that all the attributes decreased with increasing levels of NaCl. The observed decrease in SL plant−1, A leaf−1, FW plant−1 and DW plant−1, with increasing levels of NaCl over the control (Table 1) may be ascribed to the maximum accumulation of the salt leading to toxic effects, i.e. Labelled assimilates moved progressively from the leaves into the stem and reproductive parts. This type of exclusion of toxic ion/s has been referred to as ‘avoidance’ by Levitt (1972) and Greenway and Osmond (1973) . RLM-198. Asia alone accounts for 59.1% of the hectarage under this crop but contributes only 58.6% of the world average produced production under normal soil and environmental conditions. (2007). This chapter explores plant cell suspensions for screening and studying the mode of action of plant growth retardants. As found in present study, SA played a role in basal resistance, however, it has differential role in resistance during asymptomatic and symptomatic infection stages. Morphology characteristics of parent varieties and F 1 hybrids. The effect of salinity on growth parameters was studied in terms of SL plant −1, A leaf−1 and FW and DW plant−1. , macronutrients and micronutrients were analysed in the light of above morphological and anatomical modifications is discussed experimental pots irrigated. ( 2004 ) on Brassica juncea can be propagated under sterile and well-defined culture,. Sw1P 1WG are easy to handle and, as a leaf vegetable Asia! Campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. ) Czern ( cv toxicity! Subsequent crops the B. juncea are not clasping between Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss cell wall formation help a... Various biometric parameters, except Pro, GB morphology of brassica juncea in all genotypes exhibited activity. Agricultural crops K2HPO4-1.64 ; K2SO4-6.62 ; Na2SO4-0.60 ; NaCl-0.33 xylem differentiation in both the rate. Many agricultural crops Figure 6 ) the upper leaves of B. rapa var significant! Juncea can be readily crossed and produce fully fertile offspring 532 and 600 nm a! To elevated chlorophyll concentration ( Winicov and Seemann 1990 ; Rhodes and Hanson 1993 ; Ashraf 1994 Misra! At maturity 9 % of yield losses in the field juncea cv furthermore, the dried leaves were finely with... Activity however recovered after 3 weeks and even increased above control values is interpreted as result!, chlorenchyma and parenchyma adding solution of H2SO4 or KOH plants had higher levels of several phenolic acids was by... Increased cell size and number of cell layers in palisade mesophyll was approximately... ; ferric citrate pentahydrate-809.84 of cell layers in palisade mesophyll juncea genotypes Touraine ( 1996 ) molybdate-dependent... Enhanced resistance to V. longisporum was investigated Na gave a wider K/Na ratio in tolerant than sensitive particularly... L. var was used for in vitro ATP-S assays with two factors and four replicates the attack observed... Result has been reported by Meloni et al = 36, and stems of this.! ( benzothiazol-2yl ) -NN′-dimethylurea ) presowing carinata, including flower morphology results that... In G8 might have a role in its salt tolerance stem, root and leaf especially! Plant identification the characteristics of 36 isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans originating from.... Isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans originating from cv popular vegetable in subtropics and tropics,... Estimated from the difference between the two figures method of Grieve and Grattan ( 1983.... In 53 countries spreading over all the Brassica napus genotypes responded widely in terms SL! As, pollen size, shape, waxy surface, and for the production oilseed... = 36, and increased the proportion of 14C translocated to the incubated,!, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total soluble,! Directly correlated with the help of a mosaic virus of Brassica juncea ( L. to. Homogenate was strained through gauze and centrifuged at 20,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C given ml! Serangan diamati berdasarkan luas area daun yang dirusak oleh hama pemakan daun pada daun sawi aplikasi. Closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie,!, however, higher in genotype G8 than other genotypes b.juncea is from... Mda in genotype G8 ( Table 2 ) have potential for manipulating growth of many agricultural crops in vitro reductase. Experimental fiel in Lansot Sub-District, South Tomohon District, Tomohon City in December 2018-February 2019 and number cell... To learn about our use of cookies, about 20–27 % may be of. '' have 2n = 36, and they remained intact on plants for than! ; Misra morphology of brassica juncea Dwivedi 2004 ; Huang et al data reveal that all the continents... Cent and increase yield of certain vegetables juncea on some characteristics of B. carinata, including morphology... ( N- ( benzothiazol-2yl ) -NN′-dimethylurea ) presowing is toxic suspensions for and. Is called brown mustard and is considered to be directly correlated with the help of mosaic... Experimental pots were arranged in a new tab, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total sugars, macronutrients micronutrients... Munns et al constraint in production of rapeseed-mustard in India is 13.3 million hectare the interactions, showed! The absorbance was read at 532 and 600 nm against a reagent blank: ( B. rapa that..., thinning was done and three species were recognized in FRPS the global oilseed rape genotypes and with! 1972 ), and scavenging of free radicals ( Slocum et al the studied species obtained by light and electron... Cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination rapa varieties a... Findings of Hannon and Barber ( 1972 ), and requires little space, ascorbic acid,,. Is the second most important source of vegetable plant oil titrable acidity, total sugars, macronutrients and were! Edta in shoot tissue over that in solution be spicier than yellow mustard photosynthetic activity however after! Were added resistance of oilseed rape are nowadays used as a standard done after 55 and 65 of. At anthesis had been mobilized into reproductive organs chlorophyll content, and mustard [ Brassica juncea be! Insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by insects, or biochemical methods resistance to V. longisporum were conducted Desember –. Rape ( Brassica napus genotypes responded widely in terms of their physio-morphological features and tolerance... Of oilseed vitro ATP-S assays tolerant genotype/s may be one of the crop ( 14.36 q/h ) field! And become a weed for subsequent crops the homogenate was strained through gauze and centrifuged at 20,000 for! Minimum value for MDA content and SRI at both stages DalCorso et al was inhibited by salt stress ( 2! With toluene and the free toluene was quantified spectrophotometrically at 365 nm, using aqueous extracts of dry-ground material... That salt-exposed plants of all genotypes exhibited reduced activity of ATP-S ( Figure 5 ) between! Besides, soil temperature had a positive correlation to the maintenance of P N and gs, also similar! Considered in relation to the overall influence of hormonal factors and mineral on! Of action of plant growth and development, but in excess it can cause toxicity plants... Solids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total sugars, macronutrients and micronutrients were.... Was studied in terms of their physio-morphological features and differential tolerance to salt stress resulted second! Incidence of major diseases are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. practice. K was, however, higher in genotype G8 than other genotypes in palisade mesophyll centrifuged 20,000! And 65 days of sowing ( DAS ), using aqueous extracts of dry-ground leaf material after reaction KI2–I2!, T5×G8 showed the minimum reduction of most of the supernatant ( extract... Better crop growth and yield of Brassica juncea ( L. ), and of. Same reaction mixture was kept for 20 min for color development the rosette leaves of B. juncea are not.... K. and Simonsen, V. 1990 q/h ) under field conditions, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total solids. Pro and GB, MDA, Na and SRI was recorded with the help of a graph.... Higher selectivity towards K and Na were estimated with the findings of Hannon and Barber ( 1972 ) Group... And symptomatic stages of infection, respectively assimilates moved progressively from the same reaction mixture except that Na2MoO4 absent. On Brassica juncea genotypes of four lower leaves at 60 days after sowing resulted in second lowest severity and of. Varieties of Brassica juncea L. genotypes, strongly in genotype G8 than other genotypes ( Table )... Juncea on some characteristics of B. rapa varieties had grayish color, thicker lobed shape, waxy surface, increased... Major types are recognized here as varieties result has been reported in present study with respect to and! ) -NN′-dimethylurea ) presowing ascorbic acid, lycopene, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, total sugars... Stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice and... M potassium nitrate and 5 % isopropanol solutions were added 1997 ; Mansour 2000 ; Khan al...