Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. %PDF-1.5
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keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. endstream
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View details . Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H
EEH6~SlL.3a5, Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. AQ` n&
hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts hb```lRB In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. a. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. 254 0 obj
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Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. endstream
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<. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. But why werent there any tuskless males?. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. pe*X|Xem&5*d
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Thanks for reading Scientific American. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u
6. Let's Go! This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Key Concepts. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Introduction This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. endstream
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Scientists . Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Lessons. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. 452 0 obj
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Zf d1 This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). II. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Most African . BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup hb```lJB HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. iU It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. v0E H+1Q` d
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adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. 318 0 obj
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By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Watch the . Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Video Activity 7. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. 7. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants endstream
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<. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Total: 129 a. 2. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. 2 %%EOF
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This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. 0
Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. 3. a. 316 0 obj
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Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. 0
By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Answers may vary. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots.
This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. In . Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Description. 0
This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. endstream
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An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. 6. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. 293 0 obj
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