Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. that can be demarcated by a territorial boundary and identified by its distinctive clothing and language. [9] The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus.
When they congregate and oppose the government, they are rebels; when they disperse and depart, they are civilians once more. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under Mongol rule. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. We are committed to providing our patients care in the same warm, caring, and professional manner we would extend to members of our own family. [citation needed], For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10, "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 17961805", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Lotus_Rebellion&oldid=1139241640, Dai, Yingcong. After both died in battle in 1796, Beijing sent new officials but none were successful. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Actual participation in sect activities had no impact on an arrest; whether or not monetary demands were met, however, did. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. The White Lotus is a syncretic religious and political movement which forecasts the imminent advent of the "King of Light" , i.e., the future Buddha Maitreya. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. #ga-ad {display: none;}
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The White Lotus Rebellion - Home This internecine war lasted over ten years, at a cost of tens of thousands of lives and an expenditure, by the government alone, of two hundred million taels in money. The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. By 1387, after more than thirty years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang had liberated all of China. An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . [1] As White Lotus sects developed, they appealed to many Han Chinese who found solace in the worship of Wusheng Laomu .
Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty . Led by Lin Qing (; 1770-1813) and Li Wencheng, the revolt occurred in the Zhili, Shandong, and Henan provinces of China. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. . In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. id The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. Although the rebellion continued for nine years, it never became an organized attempt to establish a new dynasty. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The White Lotus Rebellion began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Updates? Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. The White Lotus Rebellion was put down in 1805 as a combination of military and social policies. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups.
10 New Religions That Were Mercilessly Crushed - Listverse The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. A pattern emerged of growing rice in the valley bottoms, corn on the lower mountain slopes, and Irish potatoes on the higher land. The French Revolution was now the French "rebellion" or "chaos," but in fact, the existence of leased territories and foreign concessions provided plenty of fuel and varying degrees of safety for radical opponents. It took almost ten years and huge financial waste to defeat the badly equipped White Lotus Rebellion (1795-1804), partly by legitimizing militias led by local Hn Chinese elites. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. Under the Ming and the Qing, the movement existed in small, secret congregations and its doctrines were spread through baojuan ("precious volumes . Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[9].
The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. In 1775, a chief of the White Lotus Society, named Liu Sung, was banished from Anhwei to Kansuh after sending people to the area under pretext of healing diseases by prayer and incantation, to gain adherents to his cause in Western China. Szczepanski, Kallie. ." The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. Buddhist sects, such as the White Lotus sect, a group that attracted many followers among the Chinese lower classes. Sun Yat-Sen was elected the first president of China, and the Republican era of China had begun.
White Lotus - Wikipedia The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. The rebellion was started by some elements of the millenarian Tianli Sect () or Heavenly Principle Sect, which was a branch of the White Lotus Sect. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. "Broken Passage to the Summit: Nayanchengs Botched Mission in the White Lotus War." White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. 22 Feb. 2023
. ", McCaffrey, Cecily. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[6]. [9], A systematic program of pacification followed: the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militias. BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. This is a list of major rebellions that have occurred in China from 209 BCE to present times. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. A CHOICE OUTSTANDING ACADEMIC TITLE The White Lotus War (1796-1804) in central China marked the end of the Qing dynasty's golden age and the fatal weakening of the imperial system itself. White Lotus Rebellion - Wikiwand
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