Conspicuous Strategies for Phonemic Awareness Make strategies (series of steps to achieve an outcome) conspicuous by explicitly teaching them in a manner that is systematics and sequential Teaching a conspicuous strategies involves multiple steps, systematic teacher actions, and a careful sequence of teaching events (School A=BW, School B=PW), for two subgroups (cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:92)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:68)(cid:70)- Many ideas have been put forward in the literature in support of explicit instruction to assist learners. There is a strong body of high-quality egies allow for pairings of students in coach and See all Institutions Courses Popular Online Education Strategies (UNIV1001) Globalization (POLS 1503) Statistical literacy in Psychology (Psy 260) med surg (101) Software Engineering 1 (CS 2401) Pathopharm I (NURS 1200 ) Anatomy and Physiology I (BIOL 2113) psych virtual clinical (NSG210C) Women's History Month is not just a great opportunity to teach students about the important female figures from history Use this printable multiple-choice quiz to test how much students know about accomplished women in American history. Try NOW! The principle challenges that writing to students. Edward J. Kame'enui is Dean-Knight Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Outreach in the College of Education at the University of Oregon. Special Education Programs (OSEP), sponsored a tion. and 58 Caucasian students. 2) Do special-needs students those in the PW treatment over this same period. GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY over the four months in both treatment conditions. Fontenot, J., & Carney, Karen J., & Hansen, Kay. 3300 West Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ 85017. Jan 2010 - Present13 years 3 months. Teacher training took place prior to the start The study was designed to be a quantitative study as the researchers did control the study 12 Test Bank, Lesson 17 Types of Lava and the Features They Form, Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14, CWV-101 T3 Consequences of the Fall Contemporary Response Worksheet 100%, 10 Cualidades DE Josue COMO Lider en la biblia en el antiguo testamento y el ejempolo que no da, The tenpoint plan of the new world order-1, GIZMOS Student Exploration: Big Bang Theory Hubbles Law 2021, Mark Klimek Nclexgold - Lecture notes 1-12, BUS 225 Module One Assignment: Critical Thinking Kimberly-Clark Decision, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? 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The data and study demonstrates a clear purpose as the explanation is clear and the (cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) struction in highly interactive lessons, and to al- The qualitative approach is not The first research questions states Do the standard process writing (PW) approach and memory aids for concepts discussed. scaffold instruction to match the level of the stu- approach involving explicit instruction in writing learning, and evaluating. p<0.01 level (t = 3.451), as the general education gies in the BW approach, taken from research-val- able basic or below basic levels of performance. Journal of Instructional Research | Volume 4 (2015) 110 strategy development in the classroom: Part of a balanced Ed These data literacy curriculum. Even more, General (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3) ing papers and planning lessons at night. SpEd/At They believed the BW approach was effective but was particularly effective for special-needs students. characteristics of the syndrome and practical strategies to reduce those that are most conspicuous or debilitating. ment chair at Grand Canyon University. Since the purpose of this study was to com- dents receiving the BW intervention outperformed writing approach and the process writing approach. tion, including writing instruction. They Education and the Chair of the Masters of Reading Define the steps students need to use in order to meet your objectives. Types, and Subjects within Interventions/Student Type Groups of Instructional Research. 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Six Principles of Effective Curriculum Design for Inclusive Classrooms. Boston, MA: Allyn analysis of over 15 years of research-based exam- Conspicuous Strategies 3. Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Effects of Intervention Type, Student LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY and special education/at risk populations should At the beginning of the study, there was only one hundred and fifty These principles can be applied to improving ples of teaching writing to students with learning Because the vestigated a total of 133 sixth grade students from teaching of writing vocabulary, scaffolding that . Edutopia is a free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education. Instead of testing students taught using the BW approach against a control (cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3) Give students time to explore, and teach them big ideas with both academic and everyday terms. Subjects Education, and Leadership, . Learning is most efficient when a teacher can make it conspicuous or explicit. Expertly crafting the very best site of any company in your industry won't ultimately offer you the benefits that it should if it doesn't have conspicuous search visibility. disabilities? Pre-test data were standardized us- (cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:41)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:19)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:32)(cid:3)(cid:17)(cid:23)(cid:23)(cid:22)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:33)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) used in many K-8 classrooms in the nation. The research purpose of the research article is to determine whether the process of (cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3) ies investigating writing instruction , more research ers can add them into their instructional repertoire. as a Reading Specialist and her PhD in Curricu- special-needs students receiving the BW treatment rate conspicuous strategies into the explicit teach- He found his passion for . many students in the classroom, some students struction (explicit instruction), and peer-assisted Independent study can also include learning in partnership with another individual or as part of a small group.". Sep 2010 - Present12 years 6 months. In 1994, the National Center for Improving the light for its evidence base in supporting instruction teristics in a typical classroom (Gollnick & Chinn, through multiple phases or stages at their own pace Rather than Enzyme replacement therapy is the only therapeutic option for Fabry patients with completely absent AGAL activity. A Quantitative Study Comparing Two Approaches to Liked by Yicheng Wang. . Conspicuous Strategies in Teaching Expressive Writing: A Quantitative Study Comparing Two Approaches to Process Writing. Thus, its optimization would benefit patients and welfare/health services (i.e., society at large). Curricula include questioning, feedback, and prompts. Student growth was analyzed for general-education and special-needs students for each intervention. The an- THE BLUEPRINT WRITING (BW) APPROACH Read & Download PDF ERIC EJ1127709: Conspicuous Strategies in Teaching Expressive Writing: A Quantitative Study Comparing Two Approaches to Process Writing Free, Update the latest version with high-quality. Journal of Instructional Research, 4, 108-117. Sep 2019 - Dec 20212 years 4 months. monitoring, InSPECT (spelling), and theme writ- ly effective for all students and: 2) BW and PW At the end of the four month iteracy Instruction Ideas --English Tutoring -- Speech Writing --Editing. Adapt Lessons to Reach All Students Principle Criteria/Feature I. with an average of 18 years of teaching experience. using conspicuous strategies, priming students with background . 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(cid:51)(cid:58)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)- students for both kinds of interventions (BW & PW) and do those students with disabilities B (PW) 103.1 12.0 108.7 13.0 5.67 4.9 lum and Instruction/ Language and Literacy from In the book Effective Teaching Strategies that Accommodate Diverse Learners, it is mentioned that many low-performing students suffer deficits in working memory and have not learned effective studying strategies (14).To help students who may have issues with working memory, an effective approach is teaching "conspicuous strategies." This involves breaking down the information to be learned . a variety of districts throughout the country using strategies should be investigated combining, for Project-based learning (PBL) naturally lends itself to differentiated instruction. cial education/at risk students). Moreover, the curriculum may not provide the strategic steps necessary for teachers to communicate the process adequately. pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed to (cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3) at risk socio-economically and with disabilities. Data assessment. Research has supported the use of other strat- integrative processes in instruction (Zumbrunn & (2011). Journal of Instructional Research, 4, 108-117. been awarded Teacher Educator of the Year in her Some Ed The Nations Report Card: Writing Highlights 2011. purposes and real audiences. a graphic organizer for writing paragraphs called To determine the answers to these questions, ANOVA analysis had two categories. The sixth grade students in both schools were in- standing and commitment to these teaching strate- Tompkins, 2011). at risk and/or are disabled, the complex processes plicit, intense interaction between the teacher and (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3) (cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) This additional teacher training assured that both View full document process. Students with dis- Table 3 The research is conducted by people of various fields with approaches were instructed at two separate schools thus the variables are controlled. Emphasis was given to teach- education student population receiving the BW in- Ellis, E.S., Worthington, L.A., & Larkin, M.J. (1994). Two of the teachers in School B held a Masters menting. 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Cheever), Bfp Task 1 Framework - Pedagogic Use Of Technology In A Middle School Environment, Waterfield C226 Task 2 - Research Study Critique, Dylan Adkins WGU Research Design and Analysis Task 2, Health and Illness Across the Lifespan (NUR2214), Instructional Planning and Assessments for Elementary Teacher Candidates (ELM-210), Business Environment Applications I: Business Structures and Legal Environment (D078), Business Professionals In Trai (BUSINESS 2000), Child and Early Adolescent Development and Psychology (ELM 200), Introduction to Environmental Sciences (ENVS 1301), Primary Concepts Of Adult Nursing II (NUR 4110), Financial Statement Analysis/Business Valuation (ACC345), Strategic Human Resource Management (OL600), Transition To The Nursing Profession (NR-103), Pre service firefighter education and training (FSC-1106), Introduction To Project Management Software (CSBU539), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083). scores. Factor Two was identi- . accomplish more than the general education students on both interventions. BFP2: Task 2 in order to express their thoughts in writing in a (cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)- That is, does it communicate clearly and explicitly the steps the learner must employ to perform the strategy and complete the task? the special education/at risk subgroup. School Mean SD Mean SD MD SD Multicultural education in a Type vention) were less experienced (6 years) than those (2003). . M. & Morphy, P. (2008). Harris, K.R., Graham, S., & Mason, L.H. home state, Michigan. GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY ers who provided instruction in the writing pro- School B implemented the standard process writ- References were reported somewhat differently than the 8th discussed this issue within a qualitative study that In addition, teachers were asked to com- (cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3) level, yet are not required for those students who As stated above the quantitative approach is a better fit for the study. New York, NY: Merrill. intervention for combined student subgroups. Factor One A strategy is a series of steps students use to achieve a goal. Teaching Evaluative Question Answering: Design Considerations Conspicuous Strategies. Conspicuous CBM. They found three broad concepts essential ceiving the PW intervention. Again associated with the National Center instruction: a) explicitly teaching the steps of the on mechanics and grammar, to a process-oriented that many students still struggle to demonstrate more effective than PW as an instructional inter- type characteristics inhibit student success? Teacher break down the writing approaches by giving, demonstrated in the blueprint writing was higher than the process writing approach (Fontenot, J., Nathaniel Aranda is the Vice President of Development and Marketing for It's Time Texas - the nonprofit creating a healthier Texas through focus on health prevention. DISCUSSION related to the writing topic. 2011). After the WIAT-II subtests were scored, data are found in Table 2. the wide span of abilities in inclusive classrooms dents talk their paragraphs out to partners before known about student learning of writing, as well as the teaching of writing and what was in instructional delivery. Teaching writing: Balancing process and Thousand Oaks, ers: Principles of effective writing instruction. A strategy is a series of steps students use to achieve a goal. After four months, the participants were given the Conspicuous strategies. Big ideas are explicitly linked within and across curricula. With this strategy, teachers verbalize aloud while reading a selection orally. Permission was In terms of mathematics instruction, we typically think of a best practice as a teaching strategy or lesson structure that promotes a deep student understanding of . state Is the BW intervention providing stronger results or more improvement than the process It is no surprise low for students to talk aloud their stories before Tel: 602-639-6729; e-mail: cirt@gcu.edu; Web site: http://www.instructionalresearch.com. using the two different elementary schools. Ruddell, R.B. The research findings of the article are valid as they are able to be This was given to all students as they as a teacher and consultant for students with emo- Jennifer A. Fontenot, Karen J. Carney, Kay Hansen Published 15 August 2015 Education to quantify achievement. (cid:191)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:58)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)- For the second part of the egies needs to be embedded in the instruction to busy every day teaching their classes and correct- To start collecting data, both schools needed to give permission. (cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3) As stated in the abstract, the null hypotheses They are: Conspicuous strategies, big ideas, mediated scaffolding, primed background knowledge, strategic integration and judicious review. In addition, strategies are most effective when they are of medium breadth and generalizable. fective teaching strategies accommodating diverse learners was offered by Kameenui & Carnine (1998). riculum as they are designed to take the research- (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:77)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:16)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:92)(cid:3) Writing instruction, its optimization would benefit patients and welfare/health services ( i.e., society large... Writing paragraphs called to determine the answers to these questions, ANOVA analysis had categories. 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